Numbers, Arrays, Vectors, and Matrices

In the CSA Prediction Engine, we consistently represent numbers, arrays, and vectors in at least two dimensions to align with our mathematical framework. For example, a single number like 0.7 is written as [[0.7]], while a row vector with K variables is noted as [[11, 12, 13, ..., 1K]]. Column vectors follow a similar logic, [[11], [21], [31], ... [N1]].

Additionally, we adopt column-major operations, a natural approach for linear algebra, inherited from our respect for Fortran’s roots (apologies to C users!).